MoW, MoLa Alloys, etc.
01
Description
Thanks to the low content of interstitial impurities and metallic impurities and the small-grain texture of the material, the finished products boast outstanding plastic properties.
Some of molybdenum's important features in terms of its industrial application include its high heat resistance, electric conductivity and heat conductivity, its relatively low thermal neutron capture cross-section with a volume weight almost twice lower than that of tungsten, etc. Molybdenum's resistance to creep and stress-rupture at high temperatures in a vacuum and in protective atmosphere (argon, hydrogen) is noticeably higher than the same properties of many metals used as the base for heat-resistant materials.
As a result of molybdenum's low temperature coefficient of linear expansion and its high melting point, it ensures the dependable functionality of structures made from molybdenum that operate at high temperatures.
Molybdenum's high thermal conductivity is several times greater than that of ordinarily used heat-resistant alloys, which prevents thermal stresses during rapid heating and cooling.
Molybdenum is resistant to the effects of acids, alkalis and resistive in many molten metals and liquid glasses.
02
specifications
Molybdenum alloy parts:
1. Hot-rolled sheet from MoW-PM molybdenum-tungsten alloy
Rolled stock made from MoW alloy is used to make components for high-temperature furnaces, electrodes for power semiconductors, and other purposes.
Dimensions of sheets made from MoW-PM alloy
Sheets are delivered annealed for internal stress removal and with tested microstructure.
Guaranteed mechanical properties of sheets at room temperature
Mechanical properties of small-scale sheets (thickness of up to 110 mm, length up to 250 mm) are set based on the client's request.
2. Extruded stock from МВ-2-МP alloy
Products made from strengthened MoW-2-PM molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used to produce components operating in difficult, stressed environments at increased temperatures (up to 2100 оС).
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy, with technical support from specialists at the Central Science and Research Institute for Materials (OAO CSRIM) and the Powder Metallurgy Institute at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (PMI FGUP named after I.P. Bardin “CSRIIM”).
Stock dimensions
Tooled stock is produced in the following dimensions: round, with diameters of Ø 36, 53, and rectangular, cut to 64х46, with a length of at least 350 mm.
The surface coarseness of tooled products does not exceed 6.3 microns.
At the client's request, products with other dimensions can be produced.
Stock is delivered having undergone thermal treatment and with testing for microstructure and mechanical properties.
Guaranteed mechanical properties of MoW-2-PM extruded stock
Note:
* rod diameter
** deformation ratio
Figures including fractions (/): the numerator indicates data obtained during testing of lengthwise samples, and the denominator indicates data for transverse samples.
3. Crucibles from molybdenum-tungsten alloy
MoW30 molybdenum-tungsten alloy, strengthened with a solid solution of tungsten, features temperature resistance and creeping resistance that is higher than molybdenum, and higher machinability than tungsten.
TMB30-MP crucibles made from sintered and forged molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used primarily to melt corundum in technologies for growing extremely pure sapphire monocrystals.
Chemical composition of crucibles
4. Products made from molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys for use in high-temperature furnaces
Products made from molybdenum, tungsten W-MP, and the molybdenum alloys MoW30-PM (MoW30), MoLa-PM are used to outfit vacuum and hydrogen furnaces, the heat zones of units for smelting quartz glass and growing sapphire monocrystals, furnaces for the annealment of uranium fuel in the manufacture of fuel rods, and for the production of components for high-temperature heat exchangers, thermoelectric converters, and other devices that operate at high temperatures.
Recommendations on use
Before use, thermal screens and other products used in a customer's vacuum furnaces should be annealed in a vacuum of р<10-4 mmhg (torus) in the following:
- mannerheat to 1000 оС for over a period of at least 3 hours,
- hold at approximately 1000 оС for at least 1 hour,
- heat to 1400-1500 оС over a period of at least 1 hour,
- hold at approximately 1400-1500 оС for at least 1 hour,
- heat to 2000-2200 оС over a period of at least 1 hour,
- hold at approximately 2000-2200 оС for at least 1 hour,
- cool the products in the furnace.
During use, the products should not be subjected to shocks.
5. Products from Molybdenum-tungsten alloy MoW10-PM for sputtering targets
Products made from MoW30-PM (MoW10) molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used as sputtering targets in technologies of thin films to produce electronic components and other functional coatings, as well as to produce components for high-temperature vacuum and hydrogen furnaces.
Other requirements for the products' chemical composition may be agreed upon based on the client's requests.
Product shape and dimensions
Products are made in the form of tooled plates, discs, rings, cylinders (rods), and in simple and complex shapes.
The shape and dimensions of products and surface characteristics are determined based on drawings (drafts) agreed upon with the client.
6. Rolled stock and products made from MoLa-PM lanthanum-treated molybdenum
In the late 1990's, a molybdenum alloy dispersion-strengthened with lanthanum oxide—so-called ODS-Mo—won widespread recognition and use abroad. POLEMA produces an alloy of this kind, under the grade MoLa-PM (lanthanum-treated molybdenum).
ODS-Mo is recommended as a more stable material for replacing other molybdenum alloys in a number of spheres for use in high (1600-1800 оС and higher) temperatures:
- electric engineering: radiators, thermal screens, circuit breaker parts and incandescent lamp parts;
Lanthanum oxide, introduced into the system and enveloping molybdenum grains, serves as a displacement barrier to dislocations during the deformation process, which allows the alloy structure to stabilize; with small grain sizes, it ensures durability and resistance to creep at high temperatures. Other well-known industrial alloys—for example, stabilized with carbides of titanium and zirconium—of the type Мо-TZM (Mo-0,5Ti-0,08Zr, 0,01-0,04C mass %) и Mo-TZC (Mo-1,2Ti-0,3Zr, 0,25C mass%), are less stable, since at high temperatures the carbide constituent becomes coarse or breaks down within the molybdenum matrix.
Molybdenum alloy that has been dispersion-reinforced with lanthanum oxide has the following advantages over molybdenum: a significantly lower cold shearing threshold following annealment (with internal stress removal), higher durability at room temperature, high plasticity in a recrystallized state, more than 1.6 times greater durability at 1600оС, and significantly higher (an order of magnitude greater) resistance to deformation during tests for long-term durability at 1800 оС when compared with unalloyed molybdenum obtained through arc melting or the PM method.
Product shape and dimensions
Products made from MoLa-PM are produced in the form of rolled sheets, slabs, plates, discs, forged rods, boats, screens, and radiator components.
Sheet is produced with tickness of 0.5 mm or greater.
Mechanical properties of MoLa-PM rolled stock
Sheets with a thickness of less than 1 mm undergo bend testing with a bending angle of at least 90о.
For material supplied in a recrystallized state, mechanical properties are not standardized or determined, and bending tests are not carried out.
Sample actual characteristics of MoLa-PM rolled sheet and forged rods
Mo-La-PM material dispersion-strengthened with lanthanum oxide shows excellent resistance to creeping. Its operational life in the form of screens and radiators in resistance furnaces is more than twice the useful life of components made of pure molybdenum. The material maintains its fibrous structure throughout extended operation at high temperatures. Moreover, radiator and screen components made of 0.4-0.5 mm maintain plasticity at room temperature in a recrystallized state.
7. Stock made from MoWCu-2-PM Material
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy with technological support from specialists at the Institute of Powder Metallurgy at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (IPM FGUP “CSRIIM” named after I.P. Bardin).
Compositional material based on molybdenum-tungsten alloy infiltrated with copper shows durability at high temperatures and resistance to gas erosion. It is used to make parts for new equipment operating at high temperatures and with dynamic loads.
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy with technological support from specialists at the Institute of Powder Metallurgy at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (IPM FGUP “CSRIIM” named after I.P. Bardin).
Dispersion-strengthened deformed MoY-PM molybdenum alloy is intended for use in preparing parts capable of working for extended periods at high temperatures.
Currently, tooled stock made from MoY-PM alloy is produced in the form of rods with a diameter of 66 mm and a length of no less than 310 mm, and with a diameter of 90 mm and a length of no less than 230 mm. Surface roughness does not surpass 6.3 microns. At the client's request, products of other dimensions can be made according to drawings.
Product microstructure is monitored using a optical microscope, while the absence of internal flaws is checked for using ultrasound.
Guaranteed product mechanical features
1. Hot-rolled sheet from MoW-PM molybdenum-tungsten alloy
Rolled stock made from MoW alloy is used to make components for high-temperature furnaces, electrodes for power semiconductors, and other purposes.
Dimensions of sheets made from MoW-PM alloy
| Thickness, mm | Width, mm | Length, mm |
| 0,8-0,9 | 30-300 | 80-1000 |
| 1,0-3,0 | < 500 | < 1000 |
| 3,1-15 | < 500 | < 1000 |
Sheets are delivered annealed for internal stress removal and with tested microstructure.
Guaranteed mechanical properties of sheets at room temperature
|
Sheet thickness, mm |
Rupture strength σв, Н/mm2 (kgf /mm2), minimum |
δ, %, minimum |
| Sheet properties, transversal direction | ||
| 0,8-0,9 | 830 (85) | 8 |
| 1,0-3,0 | 780 (80) | 8 |
| 3,1-6,0 | 780 (80) | 6 |
Mechanical properties of small-scale sheets (thickness of up to 110 mm, length up to 250 mm) are set based on the client's request.
2. Extruded stock from МВ-2-МP alloy
Products made from strengthened MoW-2-PM molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used to produce components operating in difficult, stressed environments at increased temperatures (up to 2100 оС).
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy, with technical support from specialists at the Central Science and Research Institute for Materials (OAO CSRIM) and the Powder Metallurgy Institute at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (PMI FGUP named after I.P. Bardin “CSRIIM”).
Stock dimensions
Tooled stock is produced in the following dimensions: round, with diameters of Ø 36, 53, and rectangular, cut to 64х46, with a length of at least 350 mm.
The surface coarseness of tooled products does not exceed 6.3 microns.
At the client's request, products with other dimensions can be produced.
Stock is delivered having undergone thermal treatment and with testing for microstructure and mechanical properties.
Guaranteed mechanical properties of MoW-2-PM extruded stock
|
Dimensions, shape, mm |
Thermal treatment variant * | Sample type** | Mechanical properties (minimum) at testing temperature | |||||
| 20о С | 150о С | 1800о С | ||||||
| σв, MPa | δ, % | σв, MPa | δ, % | σв, MPa | δ, % | |||
| 64х46 | А | lengthwise | 650 | 5,0 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 5,0 |
| transverse | 500 | 1,0 | 500 | 2,0 | 50 | 5,0 | ||
| В | lengthwise | 500 | 5,0 | n/a | n/a | 45 | 5,0 | |
| transverse | 450 | 2,0 | 450 | 2,0 | 45 | 5,0 | ||
| Ø 53 | А | lengthwise | 650 | 5,0 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 5,0 |
| transverse | 500 | 0 | 500*** | 2,0*** | 50*** | 5,0*** | ||
| Ø 36 | В | lengthwise | 500 | 5,0 | n/a | n/a | 45 | 5,0 |
| transverse | 450 | 0 | 450*** | 2,0*** | 45*** | 5,0*** | ||
Notes:
* Thermal treatment variant
А – at 1300 о С
В – at 1400 о С
** Sample type:
lengthwise, transverse – direction of the sample's cut with regard to the direction of extrusion.
*** properties not determined, guaranteed by the technology
n/a – properties not determined
With a relative elongation of δ ≥ 2%, a conditional yield limit of σ0,2 is achieved. Typical values for mechanical properties exteed the guaranteed parameters by 15-35 %.
Sample actual characteristics of extruded and annealed (for internal stress removal) rods from MoW-2-PM alloy at room temperature and at 1800 оС.
| d , mm * | ε , % * * | σв, MPa | δ, % | σв, MPa | δ, % |
| 20о С | 1800о С | ||||
| 53 | 75 | 760 | 11,8 | 57,6 / 54,8 | 22,6 / 14,0 |
| 36 | 79 | 790 | 16,0 | 62,0 / 61,2 | 24,0 / 14,0 |
Note:
* rod diameter
** deformation ratio
Figures including fractions (/): the numerator indicates data obtained during testing of lengthwise samples, and the denominator indicates data for transverse samples.
3. Crucibles from molybdenum-tungsten alloy
MoW30 molybdenum-tungsten alloy, strengthened with a solid solution of tungsten, features temperature resistance and creeping resistance that is higher than molybdenum, and higher machinability than tungsten.
TMB30-MP crucibles made from sintered and forged molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used primarily to melt corundum in technologies for growing extremely pure sapphire monocrystals.
Chemical composition of crucibles
Molybdenum is the base, with 28-32% tungsten. The alloy may be additionally strenghened with admixtures of B, Hf, Y, Zr, C.
Shape and dimensions
Crucibles are produced in accordance with drawings. The shape and dimensions are agreed upon with the client. Surface roughness of tooled crucibles does not exceed Rz 6.3.
Crucible density:
Sintered MoW30-PM crucibles – at least 10.9 g/cm3
Forged MoW30-PM crucibles – at least 11.2 g/cm3
Recommendations on crucible storage and use.
Recommendations on the use, transport and storage of crucibles can be found in the section entitled “Tungsten/Tungsten Crucibles”.
4. Products made from molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys for use in high-temperature furnaces
Products made from molybdenum, tungsten W-MP, and the molybdenum alloys MoW30-PM (MoW30), MoLa-PM are used to outfit vacuum and hydrogen furnaces, the heat zones of units for smelting quartz glass and growing sapphire monocrystals, furnaces for the annealment of uranium fuel in the manufacture of fuel rods, and for the production of components for high-temperature heat exchangers, thermoelectric converters, and other devices that operate at high temperatures.
Method of production and shape
Products are made in sintered form, or from deformed (by forging or rolling) stock (sheets, plates, forced products, rods) according to the client's drawings (drafts) or according to a method of production, geometric dimensions and allowances for dimensions and surface roughness submitted by the client.
Products are made in simple shapes: tooled discs, slabs, rings, plates, substrata, bearing plates, rods, or electrodes; or, in complex shapes: thermal screens, radiators, boats, fastening details, etc. Additional requirements regarding product specifications are set based on the client's request.
Recommendations on use
Before use, thermal screens and other products used in a customer's vacuum furnaces should be annealed in a vacuum of р<10-4 mmhg (torus) in the following:
- mannerheat to 1000 оС for over a period of at least 3 hours,
- hold at approximately 1000 оС for at least 1 hour,
- heat to 1400-1500 оС over a period of at least 1 hour,
- hold at approximately 1400-1500 оС for at least 1 hour,
- heat to 2000-2200 оС over a period of at least 1 hour,
- hold at approximately 2000-2200 оС for at least 1 hour,
- cool the products in the furnace.
During use, the products should not be subjected to shocks.
5. Products from Molybdenum-tungsten alloy MoW10-PM for sputtering targets
Products made from MoW30-PM (MoW10) molybdenum-tungsten alloy are used as sputtering targets in technologies of thin films to produce electronic components and other functional coatings, as well as to produce components for high-temperature vacuum and hydrogen furnaces.
Other requirements for the products' chemical composition may be agreed upon based on the client's requests.
Product shape and dimensions
Products are made in the form of tooled plates, discs, rings, cylinders (rods), and in simple and complex shapes.
The shape and dimensions of products and surface characteristics are determined based on drawings (drafts) agreed upon with the client.
6. Rolled stock and products made from MoLa-PM lanthanum-treated molybdenum
In the late 1990's, a molybdenum alloy dispersion-strengthened with lanthanum oxide—so-called ODS-Mo—won widespread recognition and use abroad. POLEMA produces an alloy of this kind, under the grade MoLa-PM (lanthanum-treated molybdenum).
ODS-Mo is recommended as a more stable material for replacing other molybdenum alloys in a number of spheres for use in high (1600-1800 оС and higher) temperatures:
- electric engineering: radiators, thermal screens, circuit breaker parts and incandescent lamp parts;
- atomic energy and power systems: creep-resistant boats for smelting nuclear fuel, high-temperature springs, high-temperature convertors, vanes and tracks for cyclical turbines;
- the space and rocket industry: parts for jet apparatuses, high speed engines, and rocket combustion chambers;
Lanthanum oxide, introduced into the system and enveloping molybdenum grains, serves as a displacement barrier to dislocations during the deformation process, which allows the alloy structure to stabilize; with small grain sizes, it ensures durability and resistance to creep at high temperatures. Other well-known industrial alloys—for example, stabilized with carbides of titanium and zirconium—of the type Мо-TZM (Mo-0,5Ti-0,08Zr, 0,01-0,04C mass %) и Mo-TZC (Mo-1,2Ti-0,3Zr, 0,25C mass%), are less stable, since at high temperatures the carbide constituent becomes coarse or breaks down within the molybdenum matrix.
Molybdenum alloy that has been dispersion-reinforced with lanthanum oxide has the following advantages over molybdenum: a significantly lower cold shearing threshold following annealment (with internal stress removal), higher durability at room temperature, high plasticity in a recrystallized state, more than 1.6 times greater durability at 1600оС, and significantly higher (an order of magnitude greater) resistance to deformation during tests for long-term durability at 1800 оС when compared with unalloyed molybdenum obtained through arc melting or the PM method.
Product shape and dimensions
Products made from MoLa-PM are produced in the form of rolled sheets, slabs, plates, discs, forged rods, boats, screens, and radiator components.
Sheet is produced with tickness of 0.5 mm or greater.
Below are the guaranteed allowances for dimensions and surface quality of rolled stock:
- thickness ± 0,10 %;
- width ± 0.8 mm;
- length ± 1,6 mm per 304,8 mm of length;
- roughness of a milled or ground surfaces shall not exceed 40.
Mechanical properties of MoLa-PM rolled stock
| Width, mm | Tensile strength σв, Н/mm2 (kgf/ mm2) | Relative elongation δ, % |
| Min | ||
| 1.0-2.0 mm inclusive | 690 (70) | 5 |
| >2.0-4.0 mm inclusive | 690 (70) | 10 |
| > 4.0-6.0 mm inclusive | 640 (65) | 8 |
Sheets with a thickness of less than 1 mm undergo bend testing with a bending angle of at least 90о.
For material supplied in a recrystallized state, mechanical properties are not standardized or determined, and bending tests are not carried out.
Sample actual characteristics of MoLa-PM rolled sheet and forged rods
| Material | Test temperature, оС |
Tensile strength σв, kgf/ mm2 |
Relative elongation δ, % |
| Sheet Mo-La-PM 2,0-3,0 | 20 | 88-98 | 10-12 |
| Rod Mo-La-PM Ø 9,5 | 20 | 74-75 | 30-35 |
| Rod Mo-La-PM Ø 20 | 1400 | 8,2-9,0 | 31-39 |
| 1800 | 6,3 | 9,2 |
Mo-La-PM material dispersion-strengthened with lanthanum oxide shows excellent resistance to creeping. Its operational life in the form of screens and radiators in resistance furnaces is more than twice the useful life of components made of pure molybdenum. The material maintains its fibrous structure throughout extended operation at high temperatures. Moreover, radiator and screen components made of 0.4-0.5 mm maintain plasticity at room temperature in a recrystallized state.
7. Stock made from MoWCu-2-PM Material
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy with technological support from specialists at the Institute of Powder Metallurgy at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (IPM FGUP “CSRIIM” named after I.P. Bardin).
Compositional material based on molybdenum-tungsten alloy infiltrated with copper shows durability at high temperatures and resistance to gas erosion. It is used to make parts for new equipment operating at high temperatures and with dynamic loads.
Currently, MoWCu-2-PM material is used to produce tooled stock in cylindrical form with a diameter of 50 or 70 mm. At the client's request, products of other shapes and dimensions can be produced.
The stock's density following infiltration of the sintered frame is at least 11.0 g/ cm3.
Stock is produced using powder metallurgy with technological support from specialists at the Institute of Powder Metallurgy at the Central Science and Research Institute for Iron Metallurgy (IPM FGUP “CSRIIM” named after I.P. Bardin).
Dispersion-strengthened deformed MoY-PM molybdenum alloy is intended for use in preparing parts capable of working for extended periods at high temperatures.
Currently, tooled stock made from MoY-PM alloy is produced in the form of rods with a diameter of 66 mm and a length of no less than 310 mm, and with a diameter of 90 mm and a length of no less than 230 mm. Surface roughness does not surpass 6.3 microns. At the client's request, products of other dimensions can be made according to drawings.
Product microstructure is monitored using a optical microscope, while the absence of internal flaws is checked for using ultrasound.
Guaranteed product mechanical features
| Material | Minimal mechanical properties of semifinished products in end-fire direction based on temperature, оС | |||
| 20 | 1800 | |||
| σв, Н/mm2 (kgf/ mm2) | δ, % | σв, Н/mm2 (kgf/ mm2) | δ, % | |
| MoY-PM | 500 (51) | 8,0 | 27,0 (2,75) | 20 |
03
advantages
—
Significant production experience
—
Strict quality control of manufactured products
—
Own R&D laboratory
—
Flexible discount system
04
Product names
1. Hot-rolled sheet from molybdenum-tungsten alloy MoW-PM
2. Extruded and tooled products from molybdenum-tungsten alloy MoW-2-PM
3. Crucibles from molybdenum-tungsten alloy (Crucibles TMB30-MP)
4. Products from molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys for high-temperature furnaces (W-MP, MoW30-PM, MoLa-PM)
5. Products from the molybdenum- tungsten alloy MoW10-PM for sputtering targets
6. Rolled stock and products from lanthanium-treated molybdenum MoLa-PM, MoLa-PM-R
7. Stock materials made from MoWCu-PM
8. Tooled stock materials made from MoY-PM molybdenum alloy
You can get full list of products by contacting our sales managers.: export_polema@metholding.com тел.:+7 4872 25-06-76.
2. Extruded and tooled products from molybdenum-tungsten alloy MoW-2-PM
3. Crucibles from molybdenum-tungsten alloy (Crucibles TMB30-MP)
4. Products from molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys for high-temperature furnaces (W-MP, MoW30-PM, MoLa-PM)
5. Products from the molybdenum- tungsten alloy MoW10-PM for sputtering targets
6. Rolled stock and products from lanthanium-treated molybdenum MoLa-PM, MoLa-PM-R
7. Stock materials made from MoWCu-PM
8. Tooled stock materials made from MoY-PM molybdenum alloy
You can get full list of products by contacting our sales managers.: export_polema@metholding.com тел.:+7 4872 25-06-76.
05
chemical composition
Chemical composition of crucibles
Molybdenum is the base, with 28-32% tungsten. The alloy may be additionally strenghened with admixtures of B, Hf, Y, Zr, C.
Guaranteed chemical composition of MoW10-PM 99.95% products
| Element | Mass percentage |
| Mo+W | 99,95% min |
| W | (10,0 ± 1,0) % |
| impurities, ppm, max | |
| Fe | 100 |
| Al | 50 |
| Ni | 50 |
| Si | 100 |
| Total metallic impurities | 500 |
| C | 100 |
| O | 70 |
| N | 50 |
Guaranteed chemical composition of rolled stock and products made from lanthanum-treated MoLa-PM, MoLa-PM-R grade molybdenum.
|
|
||
| Mo | base | ||
| La | 0,38-0,52 % * | ||
| impurities, ppm, max | |||
| Fe | 100 | ||
| Al | 30 | ||
| Ni | 50 | ||
| Si | 50 | ||
| Mg | 20 | ||
| Na | 30 | ||
| K | 80 | ||
| Ca | 40 | ||
| W | 130 | ||
| Total metallic impurities | 500 | ||
| C | 100 | ||
* Note – The mass fraction of lanthanum La 0.38-0.52% corresponds to the mass fraction of lanthanum oxide La2O3 0.50 (+0.11/-0.05)%
06
miscellaneous
According to the agrement with customer, other requirements for the chemical composition of the products may be established.
According to the agrement with customer, products of other shapes and sizes can be made according to drawings.
According to the agrement with customer, products of other shapes and sizes can be made according to drawings.
07
Application areas